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Darwin as a giant
libfemme ( 12/24/2004, 16:19:43 )Darwin was a well respected but hardly giant at the time he published the Origin of Species. It was not on the strength of his authority that caused the stir. It was because he publshed a evidence as thick as a brick to back up a hypothesis that had also occured independely to Alfred Russell Wallace. Darwin published because he was about to be scooped!That species change over time was accepted by countless naturalists since the renaissance including deVinci. By the 18th century the evidence was becoming overwhelming. Baron Georges Curvier and Sir Richard Owen had compared the anatomies of prehistoric bones found throughout Europe and America. No species alive looks like a T Rex or iguandon! Men of science, including Thomas Jefferson, were hard pressed to explain the existence of such as massive collection of extinct bones that are found...well just lying around.When engineers began building canals, tunnels, roads, coal mines in the 1700's the amount of these fossils coming to light skyrocketed. At the same time geologists were comparing rock outcroppings around the world independently coming to the same conclusions. The Earth was several millions not thousands of years old. (The estimate now is 4.5 billion years),Taxonomists had been trying to make a complete list of all species in the world. A task that should have been finite if all creatures were separate creations. But species lines are blurred and difficult to establish. By the time Darwin published every major naturalist privately believed in "transmutation" of species. Some even of humans. What they couldn't understand is how species changed. Darwin provided half of the answer: natural selection.The other half came a very decades later with the discovery of genetics. Genes creat variety. Natural Selection culls from that variety the best adapted. The result of genetics and natural selection is change in the population's gene pool and hence its characteristics.The major study of evolution today is in the field of DNA analysis. Scientists don't sit around smoking their pipes and reading Darwin in the evening. They read the online database of genome after genome being sequenced now. How chimpanzees DNA is 99% identical to ours. One major difference is that our chromosome #2 is actually two different chromosomes in the chimpanzee. We have a total of 46 chromosomes. Chimpanzees have 48.Compare the blood serums of different species and you can find which species are most closely related to humans and which are not. DNA is the book on evolution being written now and it doesn't have one author but hundreds of thousands of scientists and grad students in universities and private laboratories around the world. Evolutionary theory is the model of how this mechanism works. It is growing and being added to daily.It is not revealed truth from a source of authority in 1856. It is conclusions based upon observations verifiable to anyone who looks into it. The conclusions of a scientists in Japan match the conclusions of the scientists in London. Science is truly international in character, which cannot be said of religion. People in different parts of the world do not independently come up with the same religions. Religions claim to know all truth for all time. Nothing new is expected to be learned. Science is incomplete. It changes as new evidence comes to light. Theories and hypotheses can be disgarded, rearranged and revisited and are desided upon by concensus over time and experimentation. Science is a process. Religion is statement.Hardly anyone reads Darwin, except for those interested in science history. They read Dawkins, Gould, Mayr. I have already picked out my own christmas gift. Stephen Gould's tome called the Structure of Evolutionary Theory. I don't know if I will agree with his conclusions but I am certain I'll find his work fascinating as always.
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